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HTML Tutorial: Clean Code, Comments, and Escape Codes
Clean Code
Clean code means that your HTML coding follows all specifications. Here are a few ways to keep your code clean:
If you are writing an HTML document, sometimes you may want to put little reminders to yourself with your code so that you will be able to interpret your coding better. A comment will not appear in a web browser when the page is displayed... it is only visible when the source code is viewed. You start commented text with <!-- and end it with -->.
- Don't type special characters into your code, instead type their escape code... many characters should NEVER be typed directly into HTML code... for example the "<", ">", the "©", "&", and the " itself. Instead, type &escape_code; (Ampersand, Escape Code for Character, then a semicolon). For these 5 characters, here are the escape codes...
- For the < type <
- For the > type >
- For the © type ©
- For the & type &
- For the " type "
- Use quotes around values in attributes... For example, if you want a horizontal rule that is half of the screen width, type <hr width="50%"> rather than <hr width=50%>, or if you want one that is size 5 type <hr size="5"> rather than <hr size=5>.
- Don't overlap tags... Overlapping occurs when Tag A starts, Tag B starts, Tag A closes, then Tag B closes. This will cause errors in sensitive browsers. For Example, it will not render correctly in Navigator 4.0 Beta1, Netscape purposefully built into the browser so developers could catch errors. Examples:
- Wrong Way (Overlaps):
<font size=+1><b>This is Bold and One Font Size Bigger</font></b>
Right Way (Doesn't Overlap):
<font size=+1><b>This is Bold and One Font Size Bigger</b></font>
- Wrong Way (Overlaps):
<a href="here.html"><i>This link is italicized</a></i>
Right Way (Doesn't Overlap):
<a href="here.html"><i>This link is italicized</i></a>
If you are writing an HTML document, sometimes you may want to put little reminders to yourself with your code so that you will be able to interpret your coding better. A comment will not appear in a web browser when the page is displayed... it is only visible when the source code is viewed. You start commented text with <!-- and end it with -->.
Your own HTML page
Add the following to your HTML page ("Home.htm"): (the blue text is what to add)
<html>
<head><title>My Home Page</title></head>
<!-- The body starts here - and a background image is loaded -->
<body background="bgnd.gif">
<!-- This is a heading, in blue -->
<center><font color="Blue"><h1>YOURNAME's Home Page</h1></font></center>
<!-- This is a horizontal line -->
<hr>
<!-- My name and the two images are all part of a link - which is a "mailto" link -->
This is the home page of <a href="mailto:YOUR EMAIL ADDRESS"><img src="bullet.gif" border=0><b>YOURNAME</b>.<img src="bullet.gif" border=0></a>
<p>Type something about yourself here. Describe briefly who you are and what you do for a living. Remember to use bold and italic text, for emphasis.</p>
<hr>
<h2>My favourite Web Sites</h2>
<br>
<!-- This list is an unordered list -->
<ul>
<li> <a href="http://www.xencon.com">Xenon Web Design</a> </li>
<li> <a href="http://www.microsoft.com">Microsoft</a> </li>
<li> <a href="http://www.sybase.com">Sybase</a> </li>
<li> <a href="http://www.sybase.co.za">Sybase South Africa</a> </li>
</ul>
</body>
</html>
Save the text file as "home.htm" or "index.htm".
<html>
<head><title>My Home Page</title></head>
<!-- The body starts here - and a background image is loaded -->
<body background="bgnd.gif">
<!-- This is a heading, in blue -->
<center><font color="Blue"><h1>YOURNAME's Home Page</h1></font></center>
<!-- This is a horizontal line -->
<hr>
<!-- My name and the two images are all part of a link - which is a "mailto" link -->
This is the home page of <a href="mailto:YOUR EMAIL ADDRESS"><img src="bullet.gif" border=0><b>YOURNAME</b>.<img src="bullet.gif" border=0></a>
<p>Type something about yourself here. Describe briefly who you are and what you do for a living. Remember to use bold and italic text, for emphasis.</p>
<hr>
<h2>My favourite Web Sites</h2>
<br>
<!-- This list is an unordered list -->
<ul>
<li> <a href="http://www.xencon.com">Xenon Web Design</a> </li>
<li> <a href="http://www.microsoft.com">Microsoft</a> </li>
<li> <a href="http://www.sybase.com">Sybase</a> </li>
<li> <a href="http://www.sybase.co.za">Sybase South Africa</a> </li>
</ul>
</body>
</html>
Save the text file as "home.htm" or "index.htm".
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